UAS Pilot Certification Requirements
Piloting unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, has become increasingly popular. However, to legally operate a UAS for commercial purposes in the United States, you must become certified. The certification process is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
16 Years of Age Requirement
The FAA mandates that UAS pilots must be at least 16 years old. This ensures a basic level of maturity and responsibility. While younger pilots can fly drones recreationally, those under 16 cannot obtain certification for commercial use.
Understanding the Part 107 Rule
The Part 107 rule outlines the necessary steps for achieving certification. This rule covers several key points, including passing the Aeronautical Knowledge Test, commonly known as the Part 107 test. It also contains operational limitations and requirements that pilots must adhere to.
The Aeronautical Knowledge Test
The Aeronautical Knowledge Test assesses your understanding of airspace classification, flight restrictions, aviation weather, and more. Topics include:
- Applicable regulations relating to small unmanned aircraft system rating privileges, limitations, and flight operation
- Airspace classification and operating requirements, and flight restrictions affecting small unmanned aircraft operation
- Aviation weather sources and effects of weather on small unmanned aircraft performance
- Small unmanned aircraft loading
- Emergency procedures
- Crew resource management
- Radio communication procedures
- Determining the performance of small unmanned aircraft
- Physiological effects of drugs and alcohol
- Aeronautical decision-making and judgment
- Airport operations
- Maintenance and preflight inspection procedures
The test consists of 60 multiple-choice questions. You have two hours to complete it. A passing score is 70 percent or higher.
Scheduling the Test
You must schedule your test at an FAA-approved knowledge testing center. There are numerous testing centers across the country, often located in flight schools or similar institutions. Test fees vary by location but average around $150.
Study Resources
A variety of resources are available to help you prepare for the test. The FAA’s Remote Pilot – Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Guide is a valuable resource and is available for free on the FAA’s website. Additionally, numerous online courses and practice tests can help you get ready.
Applying for a Remote Pilot Certificate
After passing the knowledge test, you can apply for a Remote Pilot Certificate. To do so, you must complete FAA Form 8710-13. This involves a series of background checks. The FAA uses the Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) system for this process. It is important to carefully follow instructions to avoid delays.
TSA Security Background Check
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) conducts a security background check as part of the certification process. This includes checking your criminal history and verifying your identity. You will not receive your certificate until this check is completed.
Temporary Certificates
Upon passing the TSA security background check, you will receive a temporary remote pilot certificate. This certificate is valid for 120 days. During this time, the FAA will process your permanent certificate. Keep in mind that all certifications are subject to ongoing compliance with FAA regulations.
Recurrent Knowledge Testing
Certification is not a one-time event. Remote pilots must pass a recurrent knowledge test every 24 months to maintain their certification. This test ensures that pilots stay up to date with regulatory changes and advances in technology.
Maintaining Flight Logs
Certified remote pilots are required to maintain flight logs. This documentation provides a record of flight operations and is essential for compliance with FAA regulations. Logs should include the date, time, location, and duration of each flight, as well as any incidents or maintenance performed.
Operational Limitations
As part of the certification requirements, pilots must adhere to specific operational limitations. Drones must typically be flown within visual line of sight. Flights over people or moving vehicles are restricted and require special waivers. Maximum altitude is generally 400 feet above ground level.
Applying for Waivers
In some cases, you may need to apply for waivers to operate beyond these limitations. The FAA’s online waiver portal allows pilots to submit requests for waivers. Approval is based on demonstrating that the proposed operation can be safely conducted.
Responsibility and Compliance
Certified UAS pilots bear significant responsibility. Following all FAA regulations and guidelines is crucial. Non-compliance can result in fines or revocation of your certificate. Ensuring that you fly safely and responsibly protects not only yourself but also others.
The certification process for UAS pilots is detailed and stringent for good reason. Proper knowledge and regulation compliance ensure the safe integration of drones into the national airspace. Prospective pilots should prepare thoroughly and respect all guidelines to successfully obtain and maintain their certification.
“`